Ivy was disinherited for marrying a Catholic. Or was she?

Edward and Ivy's wedding portrait taken on 27 November 1907

Just like mitochondrial DNA, a lot of family history stories are carried down the women’s line, both the facts and the myths that may be more economical with the truth. When the women in my family get together they usually exchange a lot of information and talk about different topics than the men in the family generally do. That’s how I came to hear the tale from my aunty, who heard it from her aunties, that my great-grandmother, Ivy Lorne Cruickshank, had been disinherited by her father because she married a Catholic. The legend also included that Ivy’s sisters had banded together to give Ivy her fair share after their father had died. 

In 1879 Ivy Lorne Cruickshank was born on a rural property called ‘Walloo Station’ near the renowned equestrian area of Scone, New South Wales. In a happy coincidence, we share a birthday, 7th August but we were born 89 years apart. Seven siblings followed over the next 18 years: Florence, Leslie, Ida, Ruby, Sidney, Archibald, and Cyril, with both Florence and Archie dying young. Their father, John Cruickshank, was a horse breeder and known to be quite a tyrant. Ivy’s mother, Elizabeth Lorne Cruickshank née Brackenreg, gave music lessons and was the organist for the Church of England at Maitland. Ivy was brought up in a wealthy and devout family.  

When Ivy and Edward James O’Neill the Cruickshank and O’Neill families were living on neighbouring properties at Bellbird. The Cruickshanks were graziers and the O’Neills were running a Wine Shop which also doubled as a poteen outlet (poteen is an illicit spirit, often distilled from potatoes). Maybe John was anti-Catholic, or maybe he just didn’t like his eldest daughter being courted by the youngest son of an Irish moonshiner.

Ivy was aged 29 before she and Edward (known as Ned) married on 27 November 1907, circumventing the need for John’s approval of the union. The happy event was held at St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church in Newcastle, with the witnesses being two of Ned’s cousins, Alphonsus and Agnes Kerr6. To be married inside the Catholic Church Ivy would have converted from the Church of England to Catholicism. Ivy and Ned’s first child of seven was born a respectable eleven months later. I wonder if John and Elizabeth were part of these celebrations. Presumably incensed, John wrote his will just five days after the wedding on 5th December 1907. This will contained several country estates and provision of £200 per year to Elizabeth. 

Five years later John died of heat apoplexy (now known as sunstroke. He left a considerable-sized property to his son Leslie, another to son Sidney, and one to son Cyril. John left the residue of his real and personal estate to his sons listed as Leslie, Sidney, and Cyril, and daughters Ida and Ruby8. Ivy was the only living child not mentioned at all. 

It seemed that the family myth about Ivy being disinherited was true after all. 

In December 1940, nine years before her death on 2nd September 1949  Elizabeth wrote her will where she redressed the inequity of the past. Ivy was included as a beneficiary of Elizabeth’s will, and she was nominated as an Executrix, along with her sister Ruby, and Ida’s husband Wilmot Bailey as co-executors. Elizabeth divided her full estate between her children, leaving £200 to Leslie, several blocks of land to Sidney’s wife Maude, and the residue divided equally between Ivy, Ida, and Ruby. 

Unfortunately, Ivy died from breast cancer on Christmas Eve 1947 at Cessnock, New South Wales. She pre-deceased her mother by almost two years. Elizabeth did not change her will to reflect this. 

It looks like in the final analysis, the family myth was only partially true. It was correct as far as John’s death was concerned, but Elizabeth went to great lengths to fairly distribute her estate when her time came. 

This tale of a 111-year-old family myth shows that families don’t forget stories if they are kept alive by their descendants. As family historians we are striving to find the truths behind a myth and to test if it is correct or not. We love to find out about our ancestor’s lives and transgressions, whether they want to be remembered that way or not.

[1] "The Maitland Daily Mercury (NSW : 1894 - 1939)." 1903. "CESSNOCK." June 24, p. 6. Accessed May 31, 2023. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126240028.

[2] "Government Gazette Notices." Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001). 1901. November 26, p. 9153. Accessed May 31, 2023. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226390617.

[3] New South Wales. Marriage certificate (certified copy) for Edward James O'Neill and Ivy Lorne Cruckshank, married November 27, 1907. Registration number 1907/11222. NSW Registry of Births Deaths & Marriages, Chippendale.

[4] NSW Government. Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. "Online Birth Indexes." Thomas Augustine O'Neill. Registration number: 2588/1909. District: West Maitland. Father: Edward. Mother: Ivy. Accessed May 20, 2023. https://familyhistory.bdm.nsw.gov.au/lifelink/familyhistory/search/births.

[5] Museums of History New South Wales - State Archives Collection. "Supreme Court of NSW, Probate Division; NRS 13660, Probate packets. Series 4-59968 John Cruckshank - Date of Death October 31, 1912. Granted On April 24, 1913."

[6] New South Wales. Death certificate (certified copy) for John Cruckshank, died October 31, 1912. Registration number 16865/1912. NSW Registry of Births Deaths & Marriages, Chippendale.

[7] New South Wales. Death certificate (certified copy) for Elizabeth Cruckshank, died September 2, 1949. Registration number 17513/1949. NSW Registry of Births Deaths & Marriages, Chippendale.

[8] Museums of History New South Wales - State Archives Collection. "Supreme Court of NSW, Probate Division; NRS 13685, Probate packets. Series 4-59968 Elizabeth Cruckshank - Date of Death September 2, 1949. Granted On April 24, 1950."

My great-great-grandmother's brooch

Elizabeth Lorne ("Lizzie") BRACKENREG (1853 - 1949), the eldest daughter of Charles John BRACKENREG and Mary Ann BAILEY, was born at home into a family of publicans and racehorse owners in High St, West Maitland. Charles was the grandson of a NSW Rum Corps soldier, James BRACKENRIG, who arrived on the Neptune with the Second Fleet, and Mary Ann's father was a convict from London, Samuel BAILEY. Lizzie's younger sister, Ruby, lived with my father's family when he was a child, and he remembers her saying that her grandfather "was on the Governor's second boat".

Lizzie was an accomplished pianist, who played on a Sunday at one of the Anglican churches in Maitland. They lived at a property called "Wyndella", at Luskintyre, which is 18 kms from Maitland. There is now a suburb named Windella near that area. She also gave piano lessons. Her piano was handed down to her granddaughter, Florence Mary O'NEILL, who then passed it onto her only daughter who is my Aunty Rea (Marea). There are little holes on the front of the piano where the candle holders that lit up the sheet music were removed. Lizzie's great uncle, Thomas STUBBS, was a well-known violinist and composer, as was his granddaughter, Maud FITZ-STUBBS, as well as her brother, Percy FITZ-STUBBS and her daughter, Madeline WOODS. Sadly, their musical ability has not trickled down to my branch at all.

The family must have made a comfortable living, as I have a few photos of Lizzie throughout her life, and she was very well dressed in each of them. In every photo she is wearing a gold brooch, that has worked it's way down the generations, and the current custodian is another Australian descendant who lives in England. It must have been important to her if she wore it for every special occasion. I have no idea if it was a gift to her, maybe as an engagement present from her future husband, John CRUCKSHANK, who she married when she was age 25, or maybe it was left to her by her own mother. There is no specific mention of it in her will, although it was handed down to her fourth daughter, Ruby. Maybe Lizzie gave it to Ruby before she died, rather than through her will.

Ruby's daughter had the brooch cleaned in 1984 for her daughter (Patricia, the current owner) to wear at her wedding as her dress was Victorian in style.  Patricia remembers her Mum saying that she loved to play with the dangly bits as a child and had actually pulled one off although it's not obvious from the photo, so she thinks a jeweller must have repaired it at some stage. The brooch has a pin on the back to fasten it to clothing.

Gold brooch with seed pearls and emeralds

Lizzie Brackenreg wearing the brooch.

Elizabeth at the wedding of her daughter, Ida, in 1915, age 62

Lizzie's husband, John CRUCKSHANK, predeceased her by 37 years, and although she lived in Westmead (Sydney) after he died, they are buried together in the Anglican section at Cessnock's Nulkaba Cemetery. I hope Lizzie's longevity genes are very strong in me, as she was 96 when she died.

Elizabeth and John's grave at Nulkaba, near Cessnock

Cruckshank wedding photo

This photo has been in my family since it was taken in 1913, 1914 or 1915, and I now seem to be the lucky custodian. It does need some restoration, though, as it's looking a bit spotty in parts.

Does anyone recognise the people in it? I know the older woman on the far right is my paternal great-great-grandmother, Elizabeth Lorne CRUCKSHANK (nee BRACKENREG) - (also sometimes spelled Cruickshank). Her husband, John CRUCKSHANK, died in 1912 and Elizabeth is wearing mourning black, and John's not in the photo, so I presume it was taken since then.
Three of Elizabeth's four sons all married in 1914 or 1915, and a daughter in 1913.

So the contenders are these four of her eight children:

a) Ruby Clare CRUCKSHANK marrying Percy A JONES (1913 - West Maitland)
b) Sidney Herbert CRUICKSHANK marrying Maude Annie BENNETT (1914 - Hamilton)
c) Leslie George CRUCKSHANK marrying Louisa Elizabeth HALL (1915 - Narrabri)
d) Cyril Douglas CRUCKSHANK marrying Minnie Florence METCALF (1915 - Cessnock)

Does the placement of the mother-in-law mean anything? If she's standing next to a man does that indicate that he's her son? Or maybe just the best man, possibly unrelated? Her flower is the same as the buttonhole on the man she stands beside, but I don't think he's the groom. I think the groom would be the other seated man with roses in his buttonhole which seem to better match the bride's bouquet. Also, he's sitting in a much fancier chair - surely the groom would get a flashier chair than the best man! I presume the bride always stands in wedding photos so as to show off her dress at it's best.

Any/all ideas welcome :)

Update: well the verdict is in, and it is actually option (e)!!, Ida Ellen MAHER (nee CRUCKSHANK) marrying Wilmott Herbert BAILEY in 1915. My uncle, Kevin COLLINS, recognised Mott BAILEY as he always wore a moustache, which was rare for those times. Mystery solved. (Sigh of delight and relief.)